Ice ages - ended about 10,000 years ago after lasting about two millions years. At its greatest extent the ice covered nearly 30 per cent of the land surface of the world, compared with about 10 per cent today. The great glaciers reached as far south in America as present day Nebraska and Kansas and extended over the whole of northern Europe down to a line linking London and Berlin. But there were a number of intervals when temperatures rose and the ice retreated temporarily to its present limits. During these warm periods, which totalled several hundred years, the liberated areas were repopulated. The climate is believed to have been warmer at times than it is today.
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